Prophecy: The LORD’s House

Posted on October 7, 2013 by Bryan Hodge

The words of Isaiah are prominent in the New Covenant. “The importance of the book is indicated by the frequency with which it is quoted in the New Testament. Isaiah is quoted by name 21 times, slightly more than all the other writing prophets taken together, and there are many more allusions and quotations where his name is not given.” (The Zondervan’s Pictorial Bible Dictionary, p. 385). Wayne Jackson has written, “The New Testament quotes more from the book of Isaiah than all other prophecies combined. There are 308 quotations from, or references to, Isaiah in the New Testament and these involve forty-seven of the sixty-six chapters. The prophet is cited twenty-one times and all three of the so-called divisions are credited to him” (Isaiah, p. 5).

In this writing, we’ll consider an amazing prophecy about a coming house. Let’s notice …

House Established

Isaiah 2:2, “Now it shall come to pass in the latter days that the mountain of the LORD’s house shall be established on the top of the mountains and shall be exalted above the hills” (cf. Micah 4:1).

Time: The latter days (NKJV), or the last days (KJV). Let me suggest that “the last days” refer to the last days of Israel’s existence. “The last days” existed in the first century (Acts 2:17; Hebrews 1:1-2). The phrase seems to include not only a period post-Pentecost (Acts 2:17; Hebrews 1:1-2), but also pre-Pentecost (Hebrews 9:26). It seems to refer to a period prior to 70 A.D. (Acts 2:17 cf. Joel 2:28-32 cf. Matthew 24:29; Mark 13:24-25).

Established: The mountain of the LORD’s House. David had been told of a house which would be built for the LORD (2 Samuel 7; 1 Chronicles 17). Paul refers to the church as “the house of God” (1 Timothy 3:15).

Place: In the top of the mountains. Later, “Zion” and Jerusalem” are mentioned (Isaiah 2:3). Jerusalem was built on mountains, Mt.Zion (2,550 ft.) and Mt.Moriah (2,450 ft.).

Exalted: Above the hills. “Mountain” and “hills” could be understood as governments or powers or greatness (e.g., Jeremiah 51:24-25). This house is far greater than any earthly establishment.

House Grows

Isaiah 2:2-3, “… And all nations shall flow to it. Many people shall come and say, ‘Come, and let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob. He will teach us His ways, and we shall walk in His paths.’ For out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem” (cf. Micah 4:1-2).

People: All nations. Jews and Jewish proselytes from various nations heard the word of God proclaimed on the day of Pentecost (Acts 2). However, the gospel message wasn’t only for the Jews. It was a message for all nations (Matthew 28:18-20; Mark 16:15-16; Luke 24:46-47; Acts 10-11, esp., vv. 34-35; Galatians 3:26-28).

Spread: Out of Zion, from Jerusalem. The gospel message spread from Jerusalem into Judea, Samaria, and to the ends of the earth (Luke 24:47; Acts 1:8).

Miscellaneous observations: (1) The people were not forced. Instead, they responded of their own will, saying, “let us.” (2) The people were taught. Christianity is a taught religion. (3) They said, “We shall walk in His path.” Christianity is to be practiced (James 1:22). (4) Notice, it is the law that was to go forth. Man is under the law of Christ (Romans 8:2; 8:7; 9:31; Galatians 6:2; Hebrews 10:16; James 1:25; 2:8). If man was not under some law, then man could not sin (Romans 4:15; 5:13; 1 John 3:4).

House at Peace

Isaiah 2:4, “They shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks; Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more” (cf. Micah 4:3). Micah adds, “Everyone shall sit under his vine and under his fig tree, and no one shall make them afraid.”

Language: This is language of peace. Instead of military service, the people are working on farms. They dwell under vines and fig trees (cf. 1 Kings 4:1, 24-25).

Character: Homer Hailey wrote, “Here the prophet is certainly not speaking of the world … but rather of all nations and many people who will come to the mountain of Jehovah’s house… He is describing the character of the kingdom … to which men of all nations may and do come today” (Isaiah, p. 4a).

Thought: Whether this refers to the hereafter, or to the character of those who walk in His way in this life … one thing is certain, we’re to be a peaceful people. “If it be possible, as much as depends on you, live peaceably with all men” (Romans 12:18). “Pursue peace with all men … without which no one will see the Lord” (Hebrews 12:14).

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Prophecy: Christ in the Psalms (Part 3)

Posted on October 3, 2013 by Bryan Hodge

Jesus once said, “You search the scriptures, for in them you think you have eternal life; and these are they which testify of Me” (John 5:39). Let’s look once more at what the Psalms say about Jesus.

Chief Cornerstone

Psalm 118:22-23, “The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone. This was the Lord’s doing …” This passage is quoted five times in the New Covenant (Matthew 21:42; Mark 12:10-11; Luke 20:17; Acts 4:11; 1 Peter 2:4-7). It is also referenced an additional time (Ephesians 2:20).

The stone is Jesus the Christ (Acts 4:10-11; Ephesians 2:20; 1 Peter 2:4-7).

Let us notice: (1) The stone was rejected. This rejection is connected in scripture with the crucifixion of Jesus. Peter proclaimed, “let it be known to you all, and to all the people of Israel … Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified … This is the stone which was rejected by you builders” (Acts 4:10-11). Jesus also connected the rejection of the stone with death (Matthew 21:33-46; Mark 12:1-12; Luke 20:9-19). (2) The rejected stone became the chief cornerstone. This is connected with the resurrection of Jesus. Peter proclaimed, “let it be known to you all, and to all the people of Israel … Jesus Christ of Nazareth … whom God raised from the dead … has become the chief cornerstone (Acts 4:10-11).

Explanation

It seems to me, that it would behoove us to understand something about ancient architecture, in order to better appreciate this illustration. (1) Cornerstones were large foundation stones which were placed at the corners of buildings, and wherever two major walls met. The primary function of cornerstones was to provide a strong and solid foundation. Cornerstones were also reference points. All other stones in the foundation would be laid in reference to these. (2) The chief cornerstone was the first stone laid. The laying of this stone was often accompanied with celebration and ceremony. Inscriptions were sometimes placed on the chief cornerstone (much as one sees plaques placed on buildings today). “Among the Canaanites, before the conquest of the land of Joshua, the laying of the foundation stone was accompanied by the dreadful rite of human sacrifice. Numerous skeletons have been unearthed, especially those of tiny babies in earthen jars” (Zondervan’s Pictorial Bible Dictionary, p. 185). One is compelled to wonder if this was partly in mind when Jesus is referred to as the chief cornerstone.

The Legend

“The Jews had a legend … According to that legend, when the Temple of Solomon was being built, the Masons sent up from the quarry below a stone different in size and shape from all the rest they had sent up. Looking at it the builders said, ‘There is no place for this stone. There must be some mistake.’ So they rolled it down the edge of the cliff into the valley of Kidron below the Temple area. As time went on … they were ready for the chief cornerstone. When they asked for it they were told, ‘we sent it up to you long ago.’ One of the workmen said, ‘I recall it now. The stone was altogether different from the rest, and we thought there was no place for it and rolled it down to the valley below.’ Men were sent down to the valley to find the stone. They succeeded in doing so; and when the stone was brought up it fit perfectly into its place (www.homeschool-life.com).” More than a few think that this legend is in view, when Jesus is referred to as the chief cornerstone.

Chief Cornerstone of What?

Jesus is the chief cornerstone in a temple which is composed of living stones (1 Peter 2:4-8; Ephesians 2:19-22). The church is built upon the great truth that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the living God (Matthew 16:16-18).

While in Ephesians 2:20 the foundation consists of the apostles and prophets (prophets of the New Covenant cf. Acts 2:17-18; 11:27; 13:1; 21:10; Romans 16:26; 1 Corinthians 12:28-ff; 14:29; Ephesians 2:20; 3:5) with Jesus Christ being the chief cornerstone, Jesus is pictured as the foundation itself in 1 Corinthians 3:11. How does one reconcile these two passages? The solution is this: The reference to the apostles and prophets as part of the foundation is not of the apostles and prophets themselves; instead, it is of their message (Romans 15:18-21; Ephesians 2:18 cf. 3:5). They did not preach themselves but Christ Jesus the Lord (2 Corinthians 4:5 cf. 1 Corinthians 2:2). Their teachings were by His authority and glorified Him (John 16:12-14 cf. 14:26).

Conclusion

The Psalmist then rejoices “This was the LORD’s doing; It is marvelous in our eyes. This is the day the LORD has made; We will rejoice and be glad in it” (Psalm 118: 23-24).

Let us have the same attitude. Let us rejoice in Jesus as the chief cornerstone, the foundation stone on which we rest.

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Prophecy: Christ In The Psalms (Part 2)

Posted on October 1, 2013 by Bryan Hodge

Jesus told his disciples, “These are the words which I spoke to you while I was still with you, that all things must be fulfilled which are written in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms concerning me” (Luke 24:44). Jesus indicated that the Psalms spoke of Him. Let us consider some of the things said of Jesus in the Psalms.

“Enemies Become Footstool”

Psalm 110:1, “The LORD said to my Lord, ‘sit at my right hand, till I make Your enemies Your footstool.’” This appears seven times in the New Covenant (Matthew 22:44; Mark 12:36; 1 Corinthians 15:25; Hebrews 1:13; 10:12-13). The reference is to the current state of Jesus, the state which commenced with His ascension and will continue until death is no more.

Let us notice: (1) David penned these words (Matthew 22:43-44). David called the Christ “My Lord”. Yet, it was universally accepted by the Jews that the Christ was to descend from the seed-line of David (Matthew 22:41-42; John 7:42; Psalm 16:8-10 cf. Acts 2:25-34 and 13:33-37; Isaiah 11:1-2, 10). Jesus posed this riddle to the Pharisees: If the Christ is the Son of David, “How then does David in the Spirit call Him “Lord’” (Matthew 22:43). Such only makes sense, if this Christ had authority over David. Jesus will judge both the living and the dead at His appearing (2 Timothy 4:1 cf. Acts 17:30-31; Romans 2:16; 2 Corinthians 5:10). (2) The LORD told David’s Lord to sit at His right hand. The right hand is a position of honor (e.g., 1 Kings 2:19; Psalm 45:9; Matthew 20:20-21). Jesus now sits at the right hand (Acts 2:33-34; Romans 8:34; Colossians 3:1; Hebrews 1:3; 1:13; 8:1; 10:12; 12:2; 1 Pet. 3:22). Notice: This sitting began following His resurrection (Acts 2:32-36), and His purging of sin (Hebrews 1:1-3). (3) One day all of His enemies will be made His footstool. This is an expression of a complete conquering of enemies (cf. Joshua 10:24; Judges 1:7). Jesus now reigns in the midst of His enemies (Psalm 110:2). These enemies will be defeated. The last enemy to be destroyed will be death (1 Corinthians 15:25-26). Note: “Till” is a preposition of time. It refers to a point in time. It may refer to a terminal point (e.g., Genesis 27:45). However, it does not always refer to a terminal point (e.g., Genesis 8:5; 46:33-34; 1 Samuel 15:35; 2 Samuel 6:23; Acts 23:1; Romans 8:22). It can simply refer to “up until that point” without implying what will follow.

Priest Like Melchizedek

Psalm 110:4, “The LORD has sworn and will not relent, ‘You are a priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek.’” These words are quoted three times in the New Covenant (Hebrews 5:6; 6:20; 7:21).

Let us notice: (1) Jesus is described as a priest. Jesus is elsewhere referred to as: (a) a prophet (Acts 3:20-ff); (b) an apostle (Hebrews 3:1); (c) a priest (Hebrews 3:1; 5:4-ff; 6:20; 7:21), even the High Priest (Hebrews 3:1); and (d) king (Matthew 21:5; 27:11; John 18:36; 1 Corinthians 15:25), even King of kings and Lord of lords (1 Timothy 6:15 cf. Revelation 19:11-16). (2) It was God who exalted Him to this position (Hebrews 5:4-6 cf. Psalm 110:4). (3) The priesthood of Jesus is likened to that of Melchizedek.

What do we know about Melchizedek? (a) Melchizedek occupied two offices, simultaneously. He functioned as both priest and king (Genesis 14:18; Hebrews 7:1). So also, does Jesus (Ps. 110:2, 4; Zechariah 6:13). This is the great point of comparison. Never in Jewish history was there a priest-king until Jesus. There were 81 High Priests in Jewish history and not one of them served as king. There were 3 kings over the united kingdom of Israel, 19 kings over Israel, and 20 kings over Judah but not one functioned as priest (with God’s approval). (b) Melchizedek was king of “Salem”. Salem was an early name for Jerusalem (Psalm 76:2). The name means “peace” (Hebrews 7:2). Jesus is called “the Prince of Peace” (Isaiah 9:6). (c) The name “Melchizedek” means “King of righteousness”. Jesus is referred to as “Jesus Christ the righteous” (1 John 2:1).

A puzzling thing is said about Melchizedek. He is said to be “without father, without mother, without genealogy (descent KJV), having neither beginning of days nor end of life” (Hebrews 7:3). What does this mean? (1) Some have suggested that this was a theophany, an appearance of God on earth. If so, this does not appear to be Jesus. The ESV Study Bible points out “This passage indicates, however, Melchizedek was not in fact the Son of God but someone resembling the Son of God.” (2) There is another possibility. (a) Without father, without mother: may simply mean that he did not receive his priest-king position by inheritance. Wayne Jackson has written, “Several of the Tell el-Amarna tablets are letters written to Pharaoh by Ebed-tob … the king of Uru-Salim (aka Salem) who begs for help against his enemies. He tells the Pharaoh that he had not received his crown by inheritance from his father or mother; it had been conferred on him by ‘the might king’” (Bible Studies in Light of Archaeology, p. 25). Seneca says of one Roman ruler “of the matter of Servius Tullus there are doubts; and Ancus Marcus is said to have no father.” Adam Clark said of this, “This only signifies that the parents were either unknown or obscure” (Vol. 6, p. 731). Philo says of Sarah “she is said not to have had a mother, having received the inheritance of relationship from her father only” (Hebrews, p. 249). It is possible that the language means that Melchizedek and Jesus received their priest-king positions in a means other than inheritance, and that they had both sprang from parents who were not well known. (b) Without genealogy (descent): This may mean that neither came from a lineage of priest-kings. They were not like the priests who came through Levite lineage. It could also mean that they did not pass this position on to any other. (c) Without beginning of days nor end of life: The ESV Study Bible comments “Melchizedek had neither beginning of days nor end of life recorded in scripture.” Jesus, of course, is literally without beginning or end. (d) He continues a priest forever: Again, the ESV comments “As far as the O.T. narrative is concerned, it shows no end to his priesthood, so in that sense he continues a priest forever … In this way, Melchizedek is compared to the eternal high priesthood of the righteous Son of God.”

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Prophecy: The Christ in the Psalms (Part 1)

Posted on September 29, 2013 by Bryan Hodge

The Jews of Jesus’ day divided the Bible (our Old Covenant) into sections. Sometimes, they used a two-fold division: (1) The Law (Genesis – Deuteronomy) and (2) The Prophets (Joshua – Malachi). This two-fold division is frequently mentioned in the New Covenant (Matthew 5:17; 7:12; 11:13; 22:40; Luke 16:16; 24:27; John 1:45; Acts 13:15; 24:14; 28:23; Romans 3:21). Other times, they used a three-fold division: (1) The Law (Genesis – Deuteronomy). (2) The Prophets (Joshua – Job; Isaiah – Malachi). (3) The Psalms (Psalms – Song of Solomon). This three-fold division is mentioned in scripture (Luke 24:44; Also see Josephus Against Apion 1:8). Note: There was also a later three-fold division which developed from the Masoretic text. However, this three-fold division came much later.

Jesus told His disciples “These are the words which I spoke to you while I was still with you, that all things must be fulfilled which were written in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms concerning Me” (Luke 24:44). Observe that He said that the Psalms spoke of Him. In this writing, we will narrow our study of the book of Psalms itself.

Incarnation

Psalm 40:6-8, “Sacrifices and offerings You did not desire; My ears You have opened. Burnt offerings and sin offerings You did not require. Then I said, ‘Behold, I come; In the scroll of the book it is written of Me. I delight to do Your will, O My God, and Your law is within My heart.’” This passage is applied to Jesus, by the writer of Hebrews (Hebrews 10:1-10).

Let us notice: (1) The writer of Hebrews indicates that Jesus said this “when he came into the world” (Hebrews 10:5). (2) God wanted more than the sacrifices of old. [(a) In truth, God has always wanted more than ritualistic sacrifice from man (cf. Ps. 50:8-15; 51:16-19; Isaiah 1:11-17; Jeremiah 7:4-10; Hosea 6:6; Amos 5:22; Micah 6:6-8). (b) Moreover, He wanted a greater sacrifice than the blood of bulls and goats (Hebrews 10:1-4). Adam Clark wrote, “It is remarkable that all the offerings and sacrifices which were considered to be of cleansing nature, offered under the law, are here enumerated by the psalmist and the apostle to show that none of them, nor all of them, could take away sin” (Vol. 3, p. 350).] (3) Jesus answered the call. He said, “My ears You have opened … behold I come … I delight to do your will, O My God, and Your law is within My heart (Psalm 40:6-8). (a) The words, “My ears You have opened” could be rendered “My ears You have bore (or dug).” This may refer back to being a servant forever (cf. Exodus 21:6). (b) While the Psalm reads “My ears You have opened,” the book of Hebrews says, “A body You have prepared for Me” (Hebrews 10:5). The writer of Hebrews is quoted from the Septuagint. It is possible that a transmitting error occurred while translating the Septuagint (Adam Clark explains how this would easily happen. See Adam Clark vol. 3, p. 349-50). John W. Haley commented: “We may first ask: Why did the Septuagint translators commit such an error in rendering the Hebrew into Greek? (Some suggest) that the translators misread the Hebrew (see also A. Clark) … The second question is: Why did the apostle employ this loose rendering, instead of a literal one? In reply, it may be shown that the fundamental idea is retained, even in the inexact phraseology … ‘Thou has fitted me for willing service in the execution of thy designs’” (Alleged Discrepancies of the Bible, p. 152). (4) This one is spoken of “in the scroll”. That is, He was prophesied of in scripture (cf. Jn. 5:39; Lk. 24:44, etc.).

Death

Psalm 16:8-10, “I have set the LORD always before Me; Because, He is at my right hand I shall not be moved. Therefore My heart is glad, and My glory rejoices; My flesh also will rest in hope for You will not leave My soul in Sheol, nor will You allow Your Holy One to see corruption.” Both Peter and Paul affirmed that this passage was speaking of Jesus (Acts 2:25-34; 13:33-37).

Let us notice: (1) The one referred to would die. His soul would go to Sheol (Hebrew term equivalent to the Greek term Hades). [Sheol is not the grave. (a) The Bible speaks of “graves” plural (Exodus 14:11), but “Sheol” is always singular. (b) Graves may belong to people (Genesis 50:5; Judges 16:31), but such language is never used of Sheol. (c) Graves can be dug or hewn physically by man (Genesis 50:5; 2 Chronicles 16:14; Isaiah 22:16), such language is not used of Sheol. (d) Graves have an earthly location ( Genesis 50:5; Exodus 14:11; 2 Samuel 3:32), no such language is used of Sheol. (e) The body goes to the grave (1 Kings 13:30; Jeremiah 8:1; 26:23; 2 Samuel 21:14; 1 Kings 13:31), such language is not used of Sheol.] (2) His soul would not remain in Sheol. (3) His body would not see corruption (decay). Jesus, you will recall, remained only three days in the grave. Yes, the Bible proclaims the bodily resurrection of Jesus (John 2:19-21; Luke 24:36-39). (4) Knowledge of these things helped the one mentioned deals with the trials before him. Jesus said to the Father, “Father, into Your hands I commend My spirit” (Luke 23:46). Moreover, we’re told of him “who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross despising the shame” (Hebrews 12:2).

Resurrection

Psalm 2:7, “The LORD said to me, ‘You are My son, Today I have begotten You.’” These words are thrice quoted and applied to Jesus (Acts 13:33; Hebrews 1:5; 5:5).

When was this said? The reference is to the resurrection (Acts 13:33). It must have been said at that time. Remember these words “(Jesus was) declared to be the Son of God … by the resurrection from the dead” (Romans 1:4). The crowning proof of Jesus’ authority is the resurrection.

Have you noticed how Psalm 2 ends? Psalm 2:12, “Kiss the Son, lest He be angry, and you perish in the way, when His wrath is kindled but a little. Blessed are those who put their trust in Him”. Robert R. Taylor, Jr., writes, “To kiss refers to the homage, adoration and worship which is His rightful due. The anger refers to his displeasure of the Son if His Messiahship is rejected … But blessed indeed are those who place their trust in Him” (Studies in Psalms, p. 135-136).

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Prophecy: David’s House, God’s House

Posted on September 27, 2013 by Bryan Hodge

David now had peace. The long civil war with Ishbosheth had ended. All of Israel now recognized David as king over Israel. Jerusalem had been taken from the Jebusites, and the capital was relocated from Hebron to Jerusalem. Philistine aggression had been defeated. They had been driven back to Philistia. David had built himself a house of cedar.

David’s Plan

“Now it came to pass when the king was dwelling in his house, and the Lord had given him rest from all his enemies all around, that the king said to Nathan, ‘See now, I dwell in a house of cedar, but the ark of God dwells inside tent curtains’” (2 Samuel 7:1-2; 1 Chronicles 17:1). David desired to build a house for the Lord. David wanted to show his appreciation to the Lord. God had done so very much for him. David ran this plan past the ears of Nathan the prophet. Nathan thought the idea to be good (2 Samuel 7:3; 1 Chronicles 17:2).

God’s Rejection

God rejected David’s plan (2 Samuel 7:4-11; 1 Chronicles 17:3-10). Nathan was to tell David: (1) The plan was rejected (1 Chronicles 17:4). It is worth noticing that though the plan was rejected, God still referred to David as “My servant” (2 Samuel 7:5; 1 Chronicles 17:4). (2) God did not depend upon man, but man did depend upon God (2 Samuel 7:5-11; 1 Chronicles 17:4-10). (a) God had never requested a house from man (2 Samuel 7:6-7; 1 Chronicles 17:5-6). (b) God does not literally dwell in earthly houses. Solomon said, “But will God indeed dwell on the earth? Behold, heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain You. How much less this temple which I have built” (1 Kings 8:27). God said, “Heaven is my throne, and earth my footstool, where is the house that you will build Me?” (Isaiah 66:1). Stephen said, “The most high does not dwell in temples made with hands” (Acts 7:48). Paul declared, “God, who made the world and everything in it, since He is Lord of heaven and earth, does not dwell in temples made with hands” (Acts 17:24). The ark of the covenant represented His presence (Notice: Numbers 10:33, 35-36; Joshua 6:6-8; 7:6-7; 1 Samuel 4:3, 7; 6:19-20; 1 Chronicles 16:4, 37). It is only in this sense that God dwelt in the tabernacle/temple (2 Samuel 7:6; 1 Chronicles 17:5). (c) Man depends on God. It was God, who freed Israel from Egypt (2 Samuel 7:6; 1 Chronicles 17:5). It was God, who made David to be ruler over Israel (2 Samuel 7:8; 1 Chronicles 17:7). It was God, “Who had given them rest from their enemies” (2 Samuel 7:9-11; 1 Chronicles 17:8-10).

God’s Revelation

(1) God said that He would make David a house (2 Samuel 7:11; 1 Chronicles 17:10). The New King James footnotes this saying “that is, a royal dynasty.” The term “house” is conjoined with the term “kingdom” in context (2 Samuel 7:16). This royal seed-line would not be removed as had Saul’s (2 Samuel 7:15; 1 Chronicles 17:13).

(2) A house for God would be built (2 Samuel 7:12-13; 1 Chronicles 17:11-12). It would be built after David died (2 Samuel 7:12-13; 1 Chronicles 17:11-12). It would be built by a son of David (2 Samuel 7:12-13; 1 Chronicles 17:11-12).

Who’s the “son”? Who’s the house builder? (a) A common explanation is that this refers to Solomon. Solomon, the son of David, did build the temple in Jerusalem (1 Kings 6; 2 Chronicles 3-4). God provided the pattern by which the temple was to be constructed (1 Chronicles 28). The difficulty with this view is that certain words from this text are applied to Jesus [(1) 2 Samuel 7:14a; 1 Chronicles 17:13a cf. Hebrews 1:5]. (2) 2 Samuel 7:12; 1 Chronicles 17:11 cf. Acts 2:29-30. (b) Some have suggested that this refers to Jesus. Jesus, the son of David, did build a house (Matthew 16:10 cf. 1 Timothy 3:15; 1 Corinthians 3:16; 6:19; Ephesians 2:19-22; 1 Peter 2:4-5). The difficulty with this view is that it seems impossible that some of these words apply to Jesus (2 Samuel 7:14b-15). (c) The best solution, I think, is to understand “son” to be inclusive of the entire royal seed-line which would come through David. The terms “seed” and “son” are sometimes used of posterity. The temple builders come through David. Solomon built the physical temple. Zerubbabel, another in the lineage of David, rebuilt the physical temple. Jesus built the church, a spiritual temple.

Praise

David praised God saying, “Who am I, O Lord God? And what is my house, that You have brought me this far?” (2 Samuel 7:18; 1 Chronicles 17:16) … “You are great, O Lord God. For there is none like You, nor is there any God besides you” (2 Samuel 7:22; 1 Chronicles 17:20) … “So let your name be magnified forever” (2 Samuel 7:26).

God let David know certain things (2 Samuel 7:20). What was it that he knew? What is it that caused such praise? (1) David learned of a continuing seed-line that would not be cut off. (2) He learned of a house that would be built. David would be given the pattern (1 Chronicles 28). (3) It seems to me that, though not stated here in so many words, David was told of the house builder, the resurrected Christ (Acts 2:29-31 cf. Psalm 16:8-ff).

Brethren how blessed we are to be a part of this house! We are a part of the house that He built to the glory of God.

Man of Blood

Why is it that David was not allowed to build the temple, but Solomon was? The answer is given. God told David, “You shall not build a house for My name, because you have been a man of war and have shed blood” (1 Chronicles 28:3).

Isn’t it the case that God had sent David into war at times? Yes, such is the case (e.g., 1 Samuel 23:2; 23:4; 30:8; 2 Samuel 5:19; 5:22-23; 1 Chronicles 14:10; 14:14).

How then is it that God would reject David? The answer seems to be found in antitype-type relationships. David’s reign was one of war. He established his throne with force. Solomon’s reign was known for its relative peace and prosperity. This is typical of Jesus, “The Prince of Peace” (Isaiah 9:6), who would build for God a spiritual temple.

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Prophecy: A Prophet Like Moses

Posted on September 25, 2013 by Bryan Hodge

Moses, prior to his death told the children of Israel of a coming prophet. He said, “The LORD your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from your midst, from your brethren, him you shall hear” (Deuteronomy 18:15), and again he said, “And the LORD said to me … I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their brethren, and will put my words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I command him. And it shall be that whoever will not hear My words, which he speaks in My name, I will require it of him” (Deuteronomy 18:17-19).

Who was this prophet like unto Moses? Peter indicated that this foretold of prophet was Jesus (Acts 3:18-26).

There are many parallels between the life and work of Moses and Jesus. (1) Both were preserved in childhood (M: Exodus 2:2-10; J: Matthew 2:14-15). (2) Both were sent by God (M: Exodus 3:9-10. J: John 3:17, 4:34, 5:23; 5:24; 5:30; 5:36; 5:37; 5:38; 6:29; 6:38; 6:39; 6:40; 6:44; 6:57; 7:10; 7:18; 7:28; 7:29; 7:33; 8:16; 8:18; 8:26; 8:29; 8:42; 9:4; 11:42; 12:44; 12:45; 12:49; 13:16; 13:20; 14:24; 15:21; 16:5;17:3; 17:18; 17:21; 17:23; 17:25; 20:21; Acts 3:26; Galatians 4:4-5, etc.). (3) Both did miracles (M: Exodus 4:1-ff. J: John 3:2; 20:30). Both fasted forty days (M: Exodus 34:28. J: Matthew 4:2). (5) Both gave the people laws [M: The Bible speaks of “the law of Moses” (Joshua 8:31; 8:32; 23:6; 2 Chronicles 23:18; Ezra 3:2; 6:18; Daniel 9:11; 9:13, etc.). J: The Bible speaks of “the law of Christ” (Galatians 6:2)]. (6) Both ratified new covenants for the people with blood (M: Exodus 24:1-8; Hebrews 9:16-ff. J: Matthew 26:28; Hebrews 9:16-28). (8) Both had seventy helpers (M: Numbers 11:16. J: Luke 10:1). (9) Both are called prophets (M: Deuteronomy 18:18. J: Luke 13:33; 24:19; Acts 3:22-23). (10) Both were involved in giving memorial feasts (M: Exodus 12:14. J: Luke 22:19). (11) Both made intercessory prayers (M: Exodus 32:32. J: John 17:9). (12) Both were willing to die for the people (M: Exodus 32:32. J: John 10:17). (13) Both were present when multitudes were miraculously fed (M: Exodus 16. J: John 6). (14) Both offered an opportunity for salvation (M: Exodus 14 cf. 1 Corinthians 10:1-2; Numbers 21 cf. John 3:14. J: John 3:14; Mark 16:15-16). (15) Both offered freedom (M: freedom from Egypt. J: freedom from sin). (16) Both offered a promised land [M: Canaan. J: Heaven (cf. Hebrews 3:16-4:14)].

The word “prophet” was used not so much for one who foretold, but for one whom by inspiration forth told. A prophet was God’s spokesman to the people (Exodus 4:15-16 cf. 7:1). God said of this coming prophet “(I) will put my words in his mouth and he shall speak to them all that I command him” (Deuteronomy 18:18). Jesus said, “I have not spoken on my own authority; but the Father who sent me gave me a command, what I should speak” (John 12:49). Again, “The words that I speak to you I do not speak on my own authority; but the Father who dwells in me does the works” (John 14:10).

Man should listen to this prophet. God said, “And it shall be that whoever will not hear my words, which he speaks in My name, I will require it of him” (Deuteronomy 18:19). God said of Jesus, “This is my beloved Son: hear him” (Luke 9:35). Jesus said, “He who rejects me, and does not receive my words, has that which judges him – the word that I have spoken will judge him in the last day” (John 12:48).

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Prophecy: Shiloh

Posted on September 22, 2013 by Bryan Hodge

“The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh comes” (Genesis 49:10).

These words were proclaimed by Jacob to his son Judah. They were said not long before Jacob died. The words are an enigma. However, “From the earliest of times the passage has been regarded as Messianic” (I.S.B.E. Vol. 4, p. 2768).

Let’s study . . .

1. The scepter shall not depart from Judah.

A scepter is “a rod held in the hands of kings as a token of authority” (Zondervan’s Pictorial Dictionary, p. 758). “A rod or mace used by a sovereign as a symbol of royal authority” (I.S.B.E. Vol. 4, p. 2702). “A symbol of kingship” (The NKJV, New Open Bible Study Edition footnote on Genesis 49:10). One might recall the scepter of the Persian king, Ahasuerus (Esther 4:11; 5:2; 8:4).

It shall not depart from Judah. Royalty was in Judah. Israel’s second king was David, who was of the tribe of Judah (Matthew 1:1-ff). God established through David a royal seed line. It would not be removed, as it was from Saul (2 Samuel 7:12-17 cf. 1 Samuel 15:28; 28:17-18; Notice the words “for the sake of my servant David” – 1 Kings 11:13; 15:4; 2 Kings 8:19; 19:34; 20:6). Starting with David and continuing through Jesus the right to kingship belonged to Judah.

2. …Nor the lawgiver from between his feet.

These words are parallel to the previous words. The term “lawgiver” is synonymous with “scepter”. Remember that the king was not only of the executive branch of government, but also the legislative branch of government, and the judicial branch. Our ideal of a strictly separated three-fold division of government did not exist at that time.

The words “from between the feet” are used synonymously with “depart from Judah”. What is meant by the words “from between his feet”? There are two possibilities: (a) It is possible that the words refer to “the ruler’s staff which was customarily placed between his feet” (The New Bible Commentary, edited by F. Davidson). (b) It is possible that the words “from between his feet” refer to offspring (ibid, cf. Deut. 28:57).

3. Until Shiloh comes.

The word “until” is a conjunction of time. It refers to a point in time. It may refer to a terminal point (e.g., Genesis 27:45). However, it does not always refer to terminal point (e.g., Genesis 8:5; 46:33-34; 1 Samuel 15:35; 2 Samuel 6:23; Acts 23:1; Romans 8:22). It can mean simply up until that point without regard to what follows.

The term “Shiloh” has been understood from ancient days to be a reference to the Messiah. What does the term mean?

(a) Some have suggested that the word is related to the Hebrew word “shalom”, which means “peace”. Matthew Henry said that the reference was to “that peaceable … one”. This is a common view. I have heard people speak of the irony that a civil war battlefield is called “Shiloh”. The battle of Shiloh (Tennessee) resulted in 23,746 casualties. The New World Encyclopedia says, “This total … represents more than the American battle – related casualties of the American Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the Mexican-American War combined” (www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Battle­­_of_Shiloh).

(b) Others believe that “Shiloh” relates to the Hebrew word “shalach”, which means “sent”. Adam Clarke so thought saying “Shiloh, signifying the Apostle, as Christ is styled, Hebrews 3:1”. He also connected the word with John 9:7, where Jesus told a man “Go wash in the pool of Siloam’ (which is translated, sent).” He saw a connection in these words.

(c) Still others, suggest that the word is from the Hebrew word “Shelloh”, which means “whose is it” (I.S.B.E.), or “he whose it is” (The New Brown-Driver-Briggs-Gesenius Hebrew-English Lexicon). This position seems to have the most going for it. It “has in its favor the fact that this is evidently the reading presupposed in the LXX, the Pesh. and the Jewish TGS. and seems to be alluded to in Ezk. 21:27” (I.S.B.E.).

Facts to Remember

1. Jesus has a scepter (Hebrews 1:8).

2. Jesus has given us law (Galatians 6:2).

3. Jesus is from the tribe of Judah (Hebrews 7:14 cf. Matthew 1).

4. Jesus is “the Prince of Peace” (Isaiah 9:6). It is through Him that man can have: (a) peace with God (Ephesians 2:17-18); (b) peace with man (Matthew 5:9; Romans 12:18; Ephesians 2:14-16; Hebrews 12:14); (c) peace internally (John 14:1-3; 16:33; Philippians 4:7).

5. Jesus is God’s Apostle (Hebrews 3:1). Jesus was sent (John 3:17; 4:34; 5:23-24, 30, 36-38; 6:29, 38-40, 44, 57; 7:16, 18, 28-29, 33; 8:16, 18, 26, 29, 42; 9:4; 10:36; 11:42; 12:44-45, 49; 13:16, 20; 14:24; 15:21; 16:5;17:3, 18, 21, 23, 25; 20:21/notice esp. John 13:16, 20 cf. 14:24).

6. All things belong to Him. “All times were created through Him and for Him: (Colossians 1:16). Man rejected God as their king, desiring an earthly king (1 Samuel 8:-1-7). Now rulership is restored to the one “whose it is”.

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Prophecy: The Ladder

Posted on September 19, 2013 by Bryan Hodge

“Jacob dreamed, and behold a ladder was set on the earth, and its top reached to heaven; and there the angels of God were ascending and descending on it. And behold, the LORD stood above it and said ‘I am the LORD God of Abraham your father and the God of Isaac; the land on which you lie I will give to you and your descendants. Also your descendants shall be as the dust of the earth … and in your seed all the families of the earth shall be blessed…’” (Genesis 28:12-15).

Let’s observe …

1. There is a great chasm between earth (man) and heaven (God). Sin separates man from God (Isaiah 59:1-2), one’s own personal sin (Ezekiel 18).

2. Since man could not overcome this chasm by himself, God provided a way. God made available a ladder to span the chasm, so that all the families of the earth could be blessed. The blessing in view is reconciliation which comes through the forgiveness of sin (Genesis 12:3; 28:14 cf. Acts 3:25-26). Note: There is not one hint of limited atonement to be found here. Access to this blessing, and heaven itself is available to all (Acts 10:34-35; Galatians 3:26-28; 1 Timothy 2:4-5; Titus 2:11; Hebrews 2:9; 2 Peter 3:9, etc.).

3. Christ is the ladder (John 1:51). Jesus referenced this passage in His conversation with Nathanael. He affirmed that the ladder was “the Son of Man” (John 1:51), which is a reference to Himself (cf. Matthew 9:6; 16:13; 17:9; 17:22; 20:18; 26:2; 26:24; John 13:31, etc.). Jesus descended through Jacob (Matthew 1:11-ff; Luke 3:23-ff). It is through Him, all people can be blessed (Genesis 12:3; 28:14 cf. Acts 3:25-26).

4. Notice that God did not mention multiple ladders. Only one ladder is mentioned. Christ is man’s only means of access to the Father. Jesus said, “I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me” (John 14:6). Again, He said, “you will die in your sins; for if you do not believe that I am He, you will die in your sins” (John 8:24). Peter preached, “Nor is there salvation in any other, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved” (Acts 4:12). Paul wrote, “there is one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus” (1 Timothy 2:5).  Buddha nor Mohammed will not do. Christ is man’s only access to heaven.

5. The angels descending and ascending represent communication. The term “angel” literally means “messenger”. In this case, it seems that a figure of speech (metonymy) is being employed whereby the word “messengers” is being used of “messages”. (a) Through Jesus, God communicated with man (Hebrews 1:1-2). Jesus is called “The Word” (John 1:1; 1:14; 1 John 1:1; Revelation 19:13). (b) Through Jesus man can access the Father in prayer (John 16:20; Hebrews 4:14-16; 1 John 2:1; 1 Timothy 2:5). Jesus is our bridge between God and man.

The dream of Jacob finds fulfillment in Jesus (John 1:51). How thankful we should be that God let a ladder down from heaven giving us access into the heavenly realm! “Let us continually offer the sacrifice of praise to God, that is the fruit of our lips, giving thanks to His name” (Hebrews 13:15).

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Prophecy: The Great Promise

Posted on September 17, 2013 by Bryan Hodge

“Now the Lord said to Abram: ‘Get out of your country, from your kindred and from you father’s house, to a land that I will show you. I will make you a great nation; I will bless you and make your name great; And you shall be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you, and I will curse him who curses you; And in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed’” (Genesis 12:1-3).

This promise is repeated in slightly different words throughout the book of Genesis (Genesis 12:1-3; 13:14-18; 15:13-21; 17:1-11, 18-21; 22:15-18; 26:2-5; 28:13-15). This promise was made to Abram (Genesis 12:1-3; 13:14-18; 15:13-21; 17:1-11, 18-21; 22:15-18), to Isaac (Genesis 26:25), and to Jacob (Genesis 28:13-15).

This promise was a prominent reference in the message of the New Covenant (Acts 3:25-26; 13:32-33a; 26:6; Romans 4:13, 16; 9:6-9; Galatians 3:16; 4:28; Ephesians 3:6; Hebrews 6:13-18; 11:8-13). Peter referred to it (Acts 3:25-26), as did Paul (Acts 13:32-33a; 26:6; Romans 4:13, 16; 9:6-9; Galatians 3:16; 4:28; Ephesians 3:6), and the writer of Hebrews (Hebrews 6:13-18; 11:8-13).

Let’s notice …

1. Get out of your country.

Abram originally was called from Ur (Acts 7:1-3). Ur’s remains are located in what is today southern Iraq. In Abram’s day, Ur was a place filled with idolatry. “Much light has been shed on the worship and religious life of Abram’s day. Nanna was the moon-god worshipped there. The temple, Ziggurat, and other buildings used in connection with the worship of this pagan deity have been found. Evidence of worship in the homes of that day are revealed by idols found in private niches in the home walls” (Zondervan’s Pictorial Bible Dictionary, p. 876). Human sacrifices occurred in this city (ISBE Vol. 4, p. 3039).

Abram got a second call. This time he was to leave Haran (Genesis 12:1-3). Haran was located in what is now south-eastern Turkey. Jack Lewis has pointed out that Haran “was another center of Moon-worship” (Archaeology and the Bible, p. 18). “It was a seat of the worship of Sin, the moon-god, from very ancient times” (ISBE Vol. 2, p. 1337).

2. And from your kindred.

Abraham’s own father was involved in idol worship (Joshua 24:2). Wayne Jackson has written “it is interesting to note that the name of Abraham’s father, Terah (Genesis 11:26) derives from a Hebrew term which is usually connected with the moon-god” (Biblical Studies in Light of Archaeology, p. 10). Others in Abraham’s family may also have been idolaters.

3. To a land that I will show you. I will make you a great nation.

God did not initially specify the land. We’re told that Abraham “obeyed when he was called … And went out not knowing where he was going” (Hebrews 11:8). Abraham and Sarah never personally received the land/nation. They died “in faith, not having received the promises, but having seen them from afar off” (Hebrews 11:13). They had their eyes on an even greater land (Hebrews 11:10, 16). The land/nation promise would be for Abraham’s descendants (Genesis 15:15-22). Abraham’s told, “you shall go to your fathers in peace; you shall be buried at a good old age. But in the fourth generation they shall return here… To your descendants I have given this land” (Genesis 15:15-16, 18).

The borders of the land finally were specified (Genesis 15:18; Numbers 34:1-15). God fulfilled this, keeping His promise (Joshua 21:43, 45; 23:14; I Kings 4:21 cf. Genesis 15:18; Nehemiah 9:23-24). NOTE: Their keeping this land was conditional (Numbers 33:55-56; cf. Exodus 23:31-33; Deuteronomy 7:2; Psalm 106:34, etc. / Deuteronomy 28:15-68, esp. v. 63). They did not keep the conditions which God gave them (Judges 1:27-36; Psalm 106:34; etc). In time, they would be in the same position as the Canaanites (Genesis 15:16; cf. Matthew 23:32; 1 Thessalonians 2:15-16).

4. I will bless those who bless you, and I will curse him who curses you.

The point of these words is found in the words God told Jacob “Behold, I am with you and will keep you wherever you go” (Genesis 28:15). God was protecting Israel. He had plans to bring blessing to the world through Israel. God told Israel “I will be an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries. For my angel will go before you” (Exodus 23:22-23). Balaam understood this point (Numbers 24:9b).

5. And in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed.

This blessing was to come through Abraham. It was to come through his own body (Genesis 15:4), and through Sarah (Genesis 17:19). It was 25 years from the promise made in Haran till the birth of Isaac (Genesis 12:4; cf. 21:25).

The blessing was for “all the families of the earth” (Genesis 12:3). Later, Abraham told that it is for “all the nations of the earth” (Genesis 22:18). This finds its fulfillment is Jesus. “Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He does not say ‘And to seeds’, as of many, but as of one, ‘And to your seed,’ who is Christ” (Galatians 3:16). It has to do with the forgiveness of sins which come through Jesus. “‘And in your seed all the families of the earth shall be blessed.’ … God having raised up His servant Jesus, sent Him to bless you, in turning away every one of you from your iniquities” (Acts 3:25-26).

Additional consideration: Why did God choose to work His plan through Abraham? It had to do with the character of Abraham. The answer is found in the words “For I know him, that he will command his children and his household after him” (Genesis 18:19) and again “because you hast obeyed have obeyed My voice” (Genesis 22:18).

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Prophecy: Protoevangelium

Posted on September 16, 2013 by Bryan Hodge

“I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your seed and her seed; He shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise His heel” (Genesis 3:15). This has been called “Protoevangelium,” which is the Latin meaning “first gospel.” This is the first foretelling of Satan’s defeat in the Bible. Though in embryonic form, it is the first prophecy concerning the Messiah.

Satan tempted Adam and Eve (Genesis 3). Eve was deceived (Genesis 3:13; 1 Timothy 2:14). Adam was not (1 Timothy 2:14). Yet, he heeded the voice of his wife [(Genesis 3:17) perhaps, to keep peace at home?] The results: (1) Innocence was lost (Genesis 3:9-11); (2) The earth became a much  more difficult place on which to dwell (Genesis 3:16-19); (3) Man lost the paradise of Eden (Genesis 3:22-24); (4) Man lost access to the tree of life, and thus death entered the world (Genesis 3:22-24; 1 Corinthians 15:20-21); (5) Man became more distanced from God (cf. Genesis 3:8; Isaiah 59:1-2).

However, this passage looks to the defeat of Satan. Let’s notice…

1. “I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your seed and her seed.”

The term “enmity” refers to a state of hostility. A state of hostility would exist between: (a) you and the woman. The “you” is Satan. “The woman” is Eve, who is likely being used as a representative of the human race (cf. Genesis 3:20). (b) your seed and her seed. “Your seed” refers to those who follow Satan (cf. John 8:44). “Her seed” refers to righteous descendants of Eve. This enmity is pictured in the immediate offspring of Eve, Cain and Abel (Genesis 4:1-ff; cf. 1 John 3:10-12). “In this the children of God and the children of the devil are manifest: whoever does not practice righteousness is not of God, nor is he who does not love his brother. For this is the message that you heard from the beginning, that we should love one another, not as Cain who was of the wicked one and murdered his brother. And why did he murder him? Because his works were evil and his brother’s righteous” (1 John 3:10-12).

Watch the fact that it says, “I will put enmity.” The “I” is God. Those who follow God are different from those who follow Satan. This creates enmity. The first recorded murder was over religious differences (Genesis 4:1-ff). The Christian is instructed “have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather expose them” (Ephesians 5:11). This is a source of enmity. Jesus told His disciples, “If you were of the world, the world would love its own. Yet because you are not of the world, but I chose you out of the world, therefore the world hates you” (John 15:19). Jesus prayed to the Father concerning the disciples, “I have given them Your word; and the world has hated them because they are not of the world, just as I am not of the world” (John 17:14; cf. 17:16).

2. “He shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his heel”.

This considers the victory man will ultimately have over the adversary. Though enmity exists, victory is certain.

Notice that the pronoun “He” is singular. The term “seed” is likewise singular. These terms could refer to the collective righteous offspring of Eve. However, I would suggest that there is a specific one that is in view, and that one is the Messiah. Jesus was born of woman (Galatians 4:4), through a lineage that goes back to Eve (Luke 3:23-38; cf. Genesis 3:20).

It is possible that Eve, herself, may have anticipated this Messiah. She may have thought that she herself would give birth to this Messiah. When Cain was born, she said, “I have acquired a man from the Lord” (Genesis 4:1). The literal reading is “I have acquired a man the Lord.” Does this mean “by the help of the Lord”? Or, does this mean, “as the Lord has promised”? Some think that Eve thought that this was the one, the head bruiser. James Burton Coffman has commented “Eve’s mention here of her tragically mistaken view that Cain would be the deliverer not only confirms the fact of the deliverer having been promised, but also the fact of Eve’s having believed it” (Genesis, p. 74 cf. The Mystery of Redemption, p. 33). If this was what she thought, she surely must have been disappointed when it became apparent that this was not the deliverer.

The contrast is between a bruised “head” and a bruised “heel”. Obviously, the first is more serious than the second is. James Burton Coffman has written, “If the awful suffering of Calvary was only the bruising of a heel, by comparison, the final overthrow and judgment of the devil must be absolutely incomprehensible. If the tragic awesome deeds at Golgotha were, in the relative sense, only the bruising of our Lord’s heel, how utterly awful must be the fate awaiting Satan and his followers”? [(The Mystery of Redemption, p. 18) on Satan’s followers being included see Matthew 25:41]. Dub McClish has written, “When Christ arose from the dead, He struck a deadly blow to Satan’s head, from which he can never recover. When the Lord returns to claim His own, He will forever seal the devil’s doom by casting him and all of his servants into the lake of fire and brimstone (Revelation 20:10; 21:8). Dim though it may be, God’s statement to Satan in Genesis 3:15 is distinct enough for us to see in it the glorious promise of hope…” (35th Annual Memphis School of Preaching Lectureship, p. 103).

The words of this prophecy are referenced one time in the New Covenant. Paul writing to the brethren in Rome encourages them by saying, “the God of peace will crush Satan under your feet shortly” (Romans 16:20). What does this mean: (1) some think it has in view the final victory. J.W. McGarvey has written, “Life’s battle is brief, and the Christian soldier who is steadfast soon gains victory and is honorably discharged” (Thessalonians, Corinthians, Galatians, Romans, p. 551). (2) Some think that the words are being used in context of congregational victory over troublemakers (Satan’s agents cf. 2 Corinthians 11:12-15). This does seem to be the context (read Romans 16:17-18). J.W. Shepherd commented saying, “If you do as directed in avoiding those who cause division, and will avoid those skilled in evil, be wise and skilled in good, then God will speedily bruise Satan under your feet” (Romans, p. 277). Franklin Camp wrote, “In Romans 16:20, Paul foresees the fall of Judaism and pictures it as the defeat of Satan” (The Work of the Holy Spirit in Redemption, p. 50).

Let us remember that we’re on the winning side. “Thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ” (1 Corinthians 15:57).

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