Revelation: The 144,000 and a Great Multitude

The Jehovah Witnesses have built an entire system of eschatology (end time doctrine) based upon a distinction between the 144,000 and the Great Multitude (Revelation 7; 14). (1) They believe that a literal 144,000 will inherit heaven. These are the one’s “redeemed from the earth” (Revelation 14:13). According to them, these compose the “little flock” that would be given the kingdom (Luke 12:32). (2) They believe that the Great Multitude will be rewarded on earth (cf. Matthew 5:5). They point out that the words “from the earth” (cf. Revelation 14:13) are not connected with the Great Multitude. They write, “The Bible plainly shows that some of these, that is, the 144,000, will share in heavenly glory with Christ Jesus, while the others will enjoy the blessings of heaven down here on earth” (Let God Be True, p. 298). These are supposedly the “other sheep” (John 10:16). Included in this flock would be: David (Acts 2:29, 34); Job (Job 14:13-15); and John the Baptizer (Matthew 11:11); “In fact, all faithful men and women who died before Jesus had the hope of living again on earth, not in heaven” (You Can Live Forever in Paradise on Earth, p. 122-123). (3) Moreover, they teach that the Lord’s supper is only to be observed by the 144,000. No one else has the right. They write, “Who should partake of these memorial emblem? Logically, only these in the New Covenant – that is, those who have the hope of going to heaven … God’s Holy Spirit convinces such ones that they have been selected… what about those who have the hope of living forever in paradise on earth? They obey Christ’s command and attend the Lord’s evening meal, but they come as respectful observers, not partakers” (What Does The Bible Really Teach? P. 207-208).

The 144,000

There are several reasons to conclude that the 144,000 should not be taken as a literal number in Revelation 7 and 14. (1) The book of Revelation is a book of symbols (Revelation 1:1). (2) If literal, then only those of the tribes of the children of Israel will be included (Revelation 7:4-ff). It is interesting to observe that this list mentions a tribe of Joseph (Revelation 7:8). There was no literal tribe of Joseph. It counts the Levites (Revelation 7:7); Yet, the Levites should not be counted (see Numbers 1:4-16; 47-49). The tribes of Ephraim and Dan are not included. All of this strongly suggests that literal tribes are not in view. Even the Jehovah Witnesses admit this (Reasoning From Scriptures, p. 166-167). (3) If literal, then only virgin men are included (Revelation 14:4). No women are included. (4) If literal, then the same exact number for each tribe is saved in heaven.

 Why 144,000? “Robert Mounce comments that the 12 tribes are squared and multiplied by 1,000 which is ‘a two-fold way of emphasizing completeness’” (p. 168, recorded in Revelation by Wayne Jackson, p. 175).

 Who are the 144,000? Some believe that they are the redeemed out of physical Israel. Others believe that this symbolizes spiritual Israel of God (Galatians 6:16; 1 Peter 2:9 cf. Deuteronomy 14:2).

The Great Multitude

Some believe that the Great Multitude is the church in contrast with the 144,000 which is the redeemed out of Israel. This is not unreasonable.

Others suggest that the 144,000 and the Great Multitude are just different ways of considering the some group. It is suggested that John heard the number 144,000 (Revelation 7:4), but he looked on a great multitude (Revelation 7:9). “John said he merely heard the number 144,000. But what he saw when he looked was a great multitude” (Mile Hadwin, The Overcomers, p. 74).

Consider these points  – (1) Both groups are described as before the throne of God (Revelation 14:1-3; Revelation 7:15). This throne is in heaven (Revelation 4:2). (2) The multitude serves God night and day in the temple (Revelation 7:15). Yet, the temple is in heaven (Revelation 11:19). (3) The Great Multitude have washed their robes in the blood of the Lamb (Revelation 7:14). Yet, those who have washed their robes have a right to the tree of Life and may enter into the city (Revelation 22:14 NWT) and that city is where the throne is (Revelation 22:1-3), and that is in heaven (Revelation 4:2).

Little Flock/Other Sheep

The “little flock” (Luke 12:32) refers to the fact that few will truly follow (cf. Matthew 7:13-14). There is nothing in this contest about two destinies for the faithful.

The “other sheep” (John 10:16) refers to Gentiles (cf. Matthew 10:5-6). There is nothing in this context which suggests two destinies for the faithful.

David, etc.

The reason that David had not entered into heaven is that such was not ready (John 14:3; Hebrews 9:8; 9:11-12; 9:23-26; 10:19-20). Even the apostles, who according to the Jehovah Witnesses are a part of the 144,000, needed Jesus to go and prepare a place for them (John 14:1-3).

The dead go to Hades. One day Hades will be no more (Revelation 20:11-15). This is where Jesus, himself, initially went (Luke 23:43 cf. Acts 2:30-31).

Earth

This present earth will be destroyed (1 Peter 3:10-11). We will be given a new heavens and a new earth (2 Peter 3:13), that is – a new realm of existence. We are encouraged “thus we shall always be with the Lord” (1 Thessalonians 4:13-17).

Lord’s Supper

Where is the passage which hints that some (even most Christians) are not to partake, but only watch others partake? This is a strange doctrine.

Encouragement

While it is true that statistically, few will be saved (Matthew 7:13-14; Luke 13:23-24), the saved, collectively speaking, form “a great multitude… of all nations, tribes, peoples, and tongues” (Revelation 7:9). We are not alone. “Therefore… since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which so easily ensnares us, and let us run with endurance the race that is set before us” (Hebrews 12:1). This is the great lesson to be learned.

Posted in end times, heaven, Hope, Jehovah Witnesses, Revelation, Textual study | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | 2 Comments

Revelation: The Mark of the Beast

“Here is wisdom. Let him who understands calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man: His number is 666” (Revelation 13:18).

This is not the number of man in general. No, this beast is a persecutor of faithful men.

The name is to be “calculated”. This same word is translated “count” in Luke 14:28. One should understand that the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, which originated in India c. 500 A.D., was not used in the first century by the Romans, Greeks, Hebrews or anyone else. Letters from the languages were commonly given an assigned value.

Which languages assigned numerical value should be used to calculate this name? (1) English? No, it did not exist. (2) Hebrew? This book was not written in Hebrew. (3) Latin? This book was not written in Latin. (4) Greek? This is the language in which this book was written. Moreover, the Greek alphabet is mentioned four times (Revelation 1:8; 1:11; 21:6; 22:13). This seems the most reasonable system to use.

In the Greek the number 666 is written out (hexakosioi hexekonta hex). However, what names would equate to this number? Irenaeus (130-202 A.D.) suggested Lateinos (the Greek spelling of the Roman Latinus, the reputed founder of the Latin race). David Vaughn Elliot writes, “Latin is a designation of a people, a kingdom, individuals in the Kingdom, a language, and a church… For over fifteen hundred years, Latin has been a distinguishing mark of the Catholic Church. Roman and Latin are two ways of identifying the same thing. Roman identifies the location; Latin the language” (Nobody Left Behind, p. 216 – 218).

Remember, the best from the beast from the earth is a false or corrupt religious system (Revelation 13:11-12 cf. 16:13; 19:20; 20:10). Moreover, it appears to be connected with Rome.

“He caused all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hand or on their foreheads and that no one may buy or sell except one who has the mark or the name of the beast, or the number of his name” (Revelation 13:16-17).

Some understand this figuratively. David Vaughn Elliot writes, “Behind the forehead is the brain, the mind; the hand is the action member of the body. The symbolism seems to contemplate the ability to think and the ability to do. It is a matter of belief and action. The mark is a representation of those who yield their minds and bodies into service of the beast, of those who accept the teaching and obey the commands of the beast” (p. 220). The Israelites were to have the law on their hand and between their eyes (Deuteronomy 6:6, 8; 11:18; cf. Proverbs 3:1, 3; 6:20-21; 7:2-3).

Others have understood this to be a literal mark. (1) Some think this had to do with emperor worship and the trade guilds in Asia associated with such. (2) Others have tied this to the Catholic sign of the cross made on the forehead by the right hand.

Whatever the mark, do not miss the greater point. There would be great pressure to submit to the beast (Revelation 13:15-17). The warning is don’t. “If anyone worships the beast and his image, and receives his mark on his forehead or on his hand, he himself shall also drink of the wrath of God… and the smoke of their torment ascends forever and ever; and they have not rest day or night, who worship the beast and his image, and whoever receives the mark of his name” (Revelation 14:9, 11). In contrast – “Here is the patience of the saints; here are those who keep the commandments of God and the faith of Jesus… Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord… they may rest from their labors and their works follow them” (Revelation 14:12-13). Never compromise the truth. Never serve error.

Posted in Catholic, Endurance, Premillennialism, Revelation, Textual study | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Overcome Evil With Good

“If your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him drink; for in so doing you will heap coals of fire on his head.   Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good” (Romans 12:20-21).

It seems to me that some have a perverse view of what it means to “heap coals of fire” on one’s enemy. Some think that this teaches that if you want to get back at your enemy, then be kind to them, and God will really heap the fire of punishment on them in hell. This might be considered a way to get revenge. This cannot be the correct view. The Bible teaches that we are to love our enemies and even pray for them (Matthew 5:43-46; Luke 6:27-28). Jesus did (Luke 23:34). We are not even to rejoice at our enemies’ destruction (Proverbs 24:17-18; Job 31:29-30). Can one truly be loving his enemies if the very reason he shows any kindness to them is to bring misery to them in hell? I think not.

It seems to me that the key to understanding these words is to consider the words which follows – “Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good” (Romans 12:21). Instead of allow our enemies to cause us to do evil, we are to seek to change them with good behavior. Kind and righteous behavior sometimes changes enemies (1 Samuel 26:18-21; Proverbs 15:1; 16:7; 1 Peter 2:11-12). “The right way to destroy an enemy is to make him a friend” (K.C. Moser, The Gist of Romans, p. 115).

What does the heaping coals on the head mean? Here are two reasonable possibilities: (1) Just as hard metal softens under heat, by doing good one might soften a hard head. (2) The coals refer to pain which leads to repentance. Barnes commented, “Coals of fire are doubtless emblematical of ‘pain.’ …Burning coals heaped on a man’s head would be an expression of intense agony… the ‘effect’ of doing good to an enemy would be to produce pain. But the pain would result from shame, remorse of conscience, a conviction of the evil of his conduct… that may lead to repentance.” (Commentary on Romans, p. 395). Your good conduct may shame your enemy for his behavior (Titus 2:7-8), and even lead him to Christ (1 Peter 2:11-12). Both of these views lead to the same end, overcoming evil with good.

Let us strive to heap coals of fire each and every day. May we seek to overcome evil with good.

 

Posted in Christian Influence, Endurance, Ethics, Textual study | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Revelation: The Two Beasts

Revelation 12 closed with the dragon (Satan) making war against the woman (faithful Israel) and the rest of her offspring (Christians including the Gentiles).  Revelation 13 introduces two agents of the dragon in this war.  Two beasts (agents of the dragon) make things difficult for Christians.  Let’s identify them.

The Beast From the Sea (Revelation 13:1-10)

This beast is described as being like a leopard, with feet like a bear, and a mouth like a lion (Revelation 13:2).  This imagery is from Daniel 7.  It is the language of nations.  Let’s notice:

Daniel 2:31-44                                         Daniel 7                                      Revelation 13

Image                                                        Four Beasts                                Beast

1.  Head – gold (Babylon)                      Lion                                             Lion

2.  Chest/Arms – silver (Persia)           Bear                                             Bear

3.  Belly/Thigh-Bronze (Greece)         Leopard                                      Leopard

4.  Legs/Feet-Iron/Clay (Rome)         Iron beast with 10 horns         Sea beast with 10 horns

I believe that Rome is primarily in view. Notice: (1) The beast has seven heads (13:1). The Seven heads represent seven mountains (17:9). Rome was built on seven hills: Palatine, Aventine, Caelian, Esquiline, Viminal, Quirinal, and Capitoline.   (2) The beast is pictured rising up out of the sea (13:1). John Kackelman remarks, “In John’s day the Romans had access to Asia Minor only by sea” (Studies in Revelation, p. 74).

The beast appeared to receive a deadly wound, but it was healed (13:3). Wayne Jackson comments, “It is a matter of historical record that the pagan Roman empire, in the mid-fifth century A.D., was invaded by a number of Barbarian tribes from the north… it is believed by many that Rome’s death-stroke was ‘healed’ by the growing amalgamation between the empire and the corrupt church of that day” (Revelation, p. 78). James Coffman writes, “that death stroke was healed. It did not mean the end of the Roman persecution of God’s people” (Commentary on Revelation, p. 296).

The Beast of The Earth (Revelation 13:11-18)

This beast had the appearance of a lamb, but spoke like a dragon (13:11). Observe this: while Revelation 12 – 13 mentions the dragon, the sea beast, and the earth beast – later, this book speaks of the dragon, the beast, and the false prophet (Rev. 16:13 cf. 19:20; 20:10). The reference is to false or corrupt religion.

Some believe that this refers to “Emperor Worship”. (1) The beast came from the earth. Emperor worship sprang from Asia Minor soil. Smyrna built temples to Tiberius and Hadrian. Pergamum built temples to Augustus, Trajan, Severus. One source writes, “How prevalent was the imperial cult in Asia Minor? Of the seven cities mentioned in Revelation 2 -3, five had imperial priests and altars (all but Philadelphia and Laodicea) and six had imperial temples (all but Thyatira)” (readingacts.wordpress.com/the-roman-cult-of-emperor-worship). (2) This beast caused the earth to worship the first beast (13:12).

Others think this second beast refers to the Roman church (1) James Coffman comments, “When the mortal wound occurred (476 A.D.) the emperor cult had already been out of business for generations, their temples closed their sacrifices severely prohibited, their whole pagan religion outlawed and prescribed by the Roman senate under the leadership of Theodosius… Neither… emperor cult, nor… pagan priesthood… could have been instrumental in the healing of the mortal wound, nor the reincarnation of the beast” (p. 313-314). He understood this beast to be the overgrown Roman church. (2) One may also connect “great signs” (13:13) with “all power and signs and lying wonders” (2 Thessalonians 2:1-12).

 Don’t miss the great point. Persecution would come from two powerful sources: Government, and false religion. These are still the two great sources of religious persecution around the world.

Posted in Revelation, Textual study | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Revelation: The Two Witnesses, The Woman and The Child

The book of Revelation is a book of symbols. Admittedly, some of these symbols are difficult to discern. However, there are certain points that seem clear. Let’s consider…

The Two Witnesses (Revelation 11)

The reference to two witnesses, no doubt, relates to the need of adequate evidence (Numbers 35:30; Deuteronomy 17:6; 19:5; Matthew 18:15-17; 1 Timothy 5:19-20, 22). Note: Evidence could be counted as a witness (John 5:33, 36; 10:25; 1 John 5:8).

The exact identity of these two witnesses is one of those symbols difficult to discern. Foy Wallace Jr. suggests “The two witnesses are representatives of the prophets and apostles” (The Book of Revelation p. 217). He connects the following passages with Jerusalem and the witness of these men: Matthew 23:31-37; Matthew 24:14; Acts 7:52. John Coffman writhes, “The two witnesses appears to this writer to be definitely and undeniably God’s word and God’s church, those two witnesses indeed being the only two witnesses of God throughout the whole christian age” (Commentary on Revelation, p.239). Wayne Jackson seems to agree, “The two witnesses may be the combined testimony of the Scriptures, along with the example and preaching of the church…Those who attempt to oppose Heaven’s ‘witnesses,’ will only meet the destruction they deserve” (A New Testament Commentary, p. 608). Others have suggested that the two witnesses are The Old Testament and The New Testament. The two witnesses are likened to Elijah and Moses (Revelation 11:6 cf. 1 Kings 17:1; Exodus 7:14-21). Like Elijah and Moses, they provided evidence supporting their message. God was with them supernaturally and providentially.

They were empowered with olive oil, which represents the Holy Spirit (Revelation 11:4 cf. Zechariah 4:6-10, 11, 14). This is what fuels their lampstands. Foy Wallace, Jr. connects the following passages : Matthew 10:18-20; Mark 13:11; Luke 12:12.

They were protected by God until they had finished their testimony (Revelation 11:7). Jesus declared, “this gospel of the Kingdom will be preached in all the world” (Matthew 24:14).

After this, they are killed and disrespected, but in time resurrected and taken to heaven(Revelation 11:11-12). Wayne Jackson commented, “This symbolizes the ultimate victory of truth over error” (p. 188). John Kachelman Jr. commented, “The message – remain faithful to God; when the time is completed reward is assured” (Revelation, p. 66). The crown of life belongs to the faithful (Revelation 2:10). “For Your sake we are killed all day long and accounted as sheep for the slaughter. Yet in all these things we are more than conquerors through Him who loved us” (Romans 8:36-37).

Notice that it is the city of Jerusalem that did this to the witnesses (Revelation 11:8). This fits what Jesus said that Jerusalem would do to the prophets and apostles (cf. Luke 11:49-51; Matthew 23:34-38).

The Woman and Child (Revelation 12)

The characters: (1) The woman. (a) some see her as Mary. (b) Some understand the woman as Israel, faithful Israel, which would include Mary (cf. Genesis 37:9-10; Isaiah 26:17; 66:7-8; Micah 5:2-3). This fits the context better.  (2) The child – the child is Christ (Revelation 12:5; cf. 2:27 cf. Psalm 2, cf. Acts 13:33). (3) The dragon is Satan (cf. Revelation 12:9).

The dragon tried to destroy the child (Revelation 12:4). (a) If the woman is Mary, the reference is obvious (Matthew 2:13). (b) If the woman is Israel, then this may include other attempts to destroy God’s plan (cf. Exodus 1:16-22).

The woman was protected in the wilderness (Revelation 12:6, 13-16). (a) If the woman is Mary, the reference is to the flight into Egypt (Matthew 2:13-14). (b) If the woman is Israel, then included may be other things, such as the Exodus. It may also include how faithful Israel was protected by God when Jerusalem fell (Matthew 24:15-16; Luke 21:20-21).

The dragon, unable to prevent the birth or ascension of the child went after the woman and her offspring (Revelation 12:17). This clearly better fits faithful Israel. John Kackelman, Jr. commented, “Having failed to destroy Christ…Satan focused his attack upon faithful Israel. The flood seems to refer to persecution” (p. 73).

They were a part of a great spiritual war. The key to victory – “They overcame by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony, and they did not love their lives to the death” (Revelation 12:11). While many details are difficult, it is important for us to remember that the key to our victory is much the same.

Posted in end times, Premillennialism, Revelation, Textual study | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

What Does the Lord Require?

God has given many commandments. It is said that the Old Covenant contained 613 commandments Israelites were to follow. It is said that the New Covenant contains 1,050 commandments Christians are to follow. Whatever the numbers, God has given many commandments.

How can we summarize these commandments? What is it that God requires of man? Let’s consider Micah 6:6-8 which seems to provide a good summary.

With what shall I come before the LORD, and bow myself before the High God? Shall I come before Him with burnt offerings, with calves a year old? Will the LORD be pleased with thousands of rams, ten thousand rivers of oil?” (Micah 6:6-7a).

It is true that it was God who required the Israelites offer animal sacrifices (e.g. Exodus 12:5; Leviticus 9:2-3). It is true that it was God who required oil to be used in some offerings (e.g. Leviticus 6:14-15; 9:3-4; 24:1). These things He did require.

However, He has always wanted more than ritualistic sacrifice. Such is not what He ultimately sought. Sacrifice without obedience does not please Him (1 Samuel 15:22; Hosea 6;6-8; Amos 5:21-24; Micah 6:6-8). Sacrifice without a heart for Him does not please Him (Isaiah 29:13;Matthew 15:8; Psalm 51:16-19).

He did not need man to give Him the animals themselves. Remember, they already belonged to Him (Psalm 24:1; 50:10-12).

Shall I give my firstborn for my transgression, the fruits of my body for the sin of my soul?” (Micah 6:7b).

What can man possibly offer to God for the propitiation of sin? Does God require the sacrifice of one’s firstborn child? Some misguided people have so sacrificed their children. Abraham said, “the LORD will provide” and so He did, and so He would through Jesus.

David Limbaugh has written, “Theologian Millard Erickson responds to the argument that it is unfair to have substituted His Son to bear our penalty. He considers the analogy of a judge imposing a penal sentence on an innocent bystander instead of the just-convicted defendant. The analogy fails, says Erickson, because God didn’t impose the sentence on some innocent third-party; He imposed it on Himself” (Jesus on Trial, p. 72). We should keep in mind that while it is true that there is a distinction to be made between God the Father and Jesus the Son (John 8:16); Jesus is God (John 1:1-3, 14; Romans 9:5; Titus 2:13).

He has shown you, O man, what is good; and what does the LORD require of you but to do justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?” (Micah 6:8).

God requires three things of man. (1) We are to do justly (justice NASB). Homer Hailey commented that to do justly “is to act toward God and man according to the divine standard of righteousness revealed in His law” (A Commentary on the Minor Prophets, p. 214). We are expected to strive to live our lives according to the book. This is not sinless perfection, but a manner of life. We are to treat others fairly, according to God’s instructions (cf. Matthew 7:12). (2) We are to love mercy (kindness NASB). Homer Hailey commented that this “is to show a compassionate warmness toward man” (ibid). Mercy is the outward manifestation of pity. It is kindness toward those in need. We are to exhibit such toward those in physical need (cf. Luke 10:30-37) and toward those in spiritual need (cf. Galatians 6:1-2). Moreover, we are to be kind and forgiving of others (Ephesians 4:32). (3) We are to walk humbly with our God. Homer Hailey commented that this means, “to recognize the absolute holiness and righteousness of God, and to walk in humble and submissive obedience to His desire and will” (ibid). It is with this attitude one is to worship Him and keep His commandments. The prophet Amos asked, “Can two walk together unless they are agreed?” (Amos 3:3).

Posted in Humility, Meaning and Purpose, Mercy, Textual study | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Revelation: The Twenty-four Elders and The Four Living Creatures

Twenty-four elders and four living creatures are mentioned in Revelation 4 and 5. They are engaged in worshipping. They say, “Holy, holy, holy Lord God Almighty, who was and is and is to come!… You are worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honor and power; for You created all things, and by Your will they exist and were created. Worthy is the Lamb who was slain to receive power and riches and wisdom and strength and honor and glory and blessing! Blessing and honor and glory and power be to Him who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb, forever and ever!” (Revelation 4:8; 4:11; 5:12, 13).

The twenty-four elders

Consider their dress. (1) They are clothed in white robes (Revelation 4:4). This is language of victory. They had overcome (cf. white garments, Revelation 3:4, 5). (2) The are crowned (Revelation 4:4, 4:10). The term for crown (Stephanos) refers to a victor’s crown (Vine’s). This is language of victory (cf. crown Revelation 2:10; 3:11). This is language of faithfulness (cf. Revelation 2:10; 3:11). This is the redeemed (Revelation 5:9).

What is the significance of 24? There were 24 divisions of the priesthood (1 Chronicles 24). We are His priests (1 Peter 2:5, 9). Let me suggest to you that much of the book of Revelation is of temple imagery [(a) There is a throne (Revelation 4:3). The mercy-seat was considered the throne of God (1 Samuel 4:4). The ark was called the ark of Jehovah (Joshua 4:11), and the ark of God (1 Samuel 3:3). It represented God’s presence (Numbers 10:33, 35-36; Joshua 6:6-8; 7:6-7; 1 Samuel 4:3,4, 7; 6:19-20; 1 Chronicles 16:4, 37). (b) There is a sacrificial lamb (Revelation 5:6, 8, 12: 12:11, etc.). (c) There is incense (Revelation 5:8; 8:3-4). This was a part of the temple (Exodus 30:1 cf. Luke 1:9-10). (d) There is a lampstand of seven lamps (Revelation 1:12; 1:20; 4:5). This too was a part of the temple/tabernacle system (Exodus 25:37; 27:20 cf. Hebrews 9:2). (e) There is a sea (Revelation 4:6). There are some who think this refers to the laver (1 Kings 7:23-ff; 2 Chronicles 4:2-ff)].

The Four Creatures

Consider their facial description: lion, calf, man, eagle (Revelation 4:7). This sounds like cherubim (Ezekiel 1:4-14 cf. 10:15, 20). Moreover, they have six wings (Revelation 4:8). This sounds like seraphim (Isaiah 6:1-5 cf. Ezekiel 1:6). Clearly, these are Heavenly creatures.

Cherubim were definitely a part of the tabernacle temple system. (1) There were above the mercy-seat (Exodus 25:19-20). God is said to dwell between Cherubim (Numbers 7:8-9; 1 Samuel 4:4; 2 Samuel 6:2; 2 Kings 19:15; Isaiah 37:16). (2) They were on the veil (Exodus 26:1. (3) They were on the temple walls (1 Kings 6:29).

Cherubim have indicated in the past separation from God. Cherubim were placed in the garden to keep man from the Tree of Life (Genesis 3:24). Cherubim on the veil (Exodus 26:1), no doubt reminded man that there was separation. Only the High Priest was allowed into the Most Holy Place, and even he could only enter one day per year (Hebrews 9:7 cf. Exodus 30:10; Leviticus 16:2, 11, 12, 15, 34).

Today, the veil has been removed (Hebrews 10:20-22). The Tree of Life is accessible (Revelation 2:7; 22:1-2, 14). Righteous men and Heavenly creatures join in the praise of God.

Posted in Revelation, Textual study, Type/Antitype | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Revelation: The Seven Lampstands, Incense and Harps

The book of Revelation is a book of symbols. The message was signified (Revelation 1:1). While some of the symbols may be difficult, there are many great lessons which are fairly easy to discern. Let us notice…

The Seven Lampstands

“Then I turned to see the voice that spoke with me and having turned, I saw seven golden lampstands.” (Revelation 1:12). What are the lampstands? We are not left to guess. We are informed, “the seven lampstands which you saw are the seven churches” (Revelation 1:20). This is tabernacle/temple imagery (Exodus 25:31-40; 27:20-21; Hebrews 9:2; 1 Kings 7:48-49). Much of the book is written in this imagery.

Lampstands have a purpose, and that purpose is to bear light. Jesus is “the true light” (John 1:9); “the light of the world” (John 8:12; 9:5). The church is to be the bearer of this light. Jesus spoke of the purpose of the lampstand saying “Nor do they light a lamp and put it under a basket, but on a lampstand, and it gives light to all who are in the house” (Matthew 5:15). We should let His light shine through our lives (Matthew 5:16; Philippians 2:14-16).

The lampstand was costly. It was made from a talent of pure gold (Exodus 37:17-24). At $1,500/ounce (for round figures) the lampstands value (calculated in gold alone) would be $1.8 million. Now, consider the purchase price of the church (Acts 20:28; 1 Peter 1:18-19).

Incense

Incense is mentioned (Revelation 5:8; 8:3-4). Again, there is no need for speculation. The image is explained. This is the prayers of the saints (Revelation 5:8). This too is tabernacle/temple imagery. Incense was offered in the Holy Place (Exodus 30:6-9). However, it wafted into the Most Holy Place, which represented the presence of God (Numbers 7:8-9; 1 Samuel 4:4; 2 Samuel 6:2; 2 Kings 19:15; Isaiah 37:16) Our prayers come before God’s presence! (Revelation 8:4).

Homer Hailey remarked concerning Revelation 8, “If incense symbolized the prayers of the saints in 5:8, could not the incense of 8:3, which was added to the prayers of the saints, have been the intercession of Christ, and the Holy Spirit being added to them? This I believe” (Prayer and Providence, p. 52).

Wayne Jackson remarked, “Does God really listen to the prayers of his people? Some of those early Christians, literally bathed in their own blood, must have wondered at times. This context, though, explicitly states that ‘the prayers of the saints went up before God.’ God listens to his people” (Revelation, p. 178).

Harps

Harps are mentioned (Revelation 5:8; 14:2; 15:2-3). Remember, this is figurative language. Incense represents the prayers of the saints (Revelation 5:8). We should not conclude that harps mean harps. Harps represent worship. It is depicted in tabernacle/temple imagery (1 Chronicles 25:1, 6; 2 Chronicles 5:12; 9:11; 20:28, etc.)

They are pictured singing the song of Moses (Revelation 15:2-3; cf. 14:3). Moses and the children of Israel sang to the Lord (Exodus 15) following their salvation by baptism (Exodus 14:13, 30 cf. 1 Corinthians 10). Shouldn’t we?

 

Posted in Chruch, Prayer, Revelation, Textual study, Type/Antitype | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

In The News: Marriage Mistakes

The Huffington Post ran an article on December 29, 2014 by Sloane Bradshaw entitled, “4 Huge Mistakes I Made as a Wife (I’m The Ex-Wife Now).” Here is her list…

1.  I put my children first.

She wrote, “Whenever my marriage started to feel like work, I would check-out and head to Build-A-Bear Workshop or the science museum with the kids in tow… we were hardly alone together and never had kid-free date nights. Well, maybe once a year on our anniversary.”

It seems significant that, in the Bible, time and again the husband-wife relationship is mentioned before the parent-child relationship. “Wives, submit to your own husbands… Husbands love your wives… children, obey your parents… fathers, do not provoke your children to wrath” (Ephesians 5:22-6:4). “Wives, submit to your own husbands… husbands, love your wives… children obey your parents… Fathers, do not provoke your children” (Colossians 3:18-21). “Admonish the young women to love their husbands, to love their children” (Titus 2:4). If such is not clear enough, let us return to creation. “A man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and they shall become one flesh” (Genesis 2:24). God’s design is for the husband-wife relationship to surpass even the parent-child relationship.

2. I didn’t set (or enforce) boundaries with my parents.

She wrote, “They were at our house frequently, sometimes arriving unannounced and walking right in. They’d ‘help out’ around the house doing things we never asked them to…we’d vacation with them. They’d correct our children in front of us. My own fears of upsetting my parents kept me from drawing a line in the sand and asking them not to cross it.”

While it is true that there is to be a care and concern for parents even when the child enters adulthood (1 Timothy 5:4, 8, 16; Mark 7:6-13; Proverbs 23:22), there is also to be a leaving of parents and a joining to one’s spouse (Genesis 2:24; Matthew 19:5-6). That is – the home is to be a discrete, autonomous unit.

What is the role of the in-laws? Bill Flat suggested, “In-laws should make themselves available for help when needed without trying to control the young couple” (editors Garland Elkins and Thomas Warren, The Home As God Would Have It, p. 113).

3.  I emasculated him.

She wrote, “Instead of building up his ego, I trampled all over it. I belittled him often, saying his job was unimportant and dismissing his friends as ‘hangers-on.’ I berated him for doing things wrong when, in all honesty, he wasn’t doing them my way. At times, I spoke to him like a child… I found myself constantly looking for faults and mistakes so that I could justify my superiority. By the end I had zero respect for him and I made sure he knew it and felt it every day.”

How should we use our tongues? “Let no corrupt word proceed out of your mouth, but what is good for necessary edification that it may impart grace to the hearers” (Ephesians 4:29). “Let all bitterness, wrath, anger, clamor, and evil speaking be put away from you, with all malice” (Ephesians 5:32). The Golden Rule should guide our speech (Matthew 7:12). We are told of the virtuous woman, “She opens her mouth with wisdom, and on her tongue is the law of kindness” (Proverbs 31:26). Her husband also shows kindness with his words, notice: “Her husband… he praises her; ‘Many daughters have done well, but you excel them all’” (Proverbs 31:28-29).

4.  I didn’t bother to learn to fight the right way.

She wrote, “I tended to keep the peace in our house by keeping my mouth shut when things were really bothering me. As you can imagine, all of the small things that drove me crazy grew into a giant suppressed ball of anger that would erupt occasionally in a huge, really frightening hulk-like rage, I mean rage in the clinical, mental-health definition kind of way.”

When there is a real or imagined wrong, communication is needed. The Bible says, “If your brother sins against you, go and tell him his fault between you and him alone…” (Matthew 18:15). Silence does not help. Silence may communicate that there exists some problem. However, it does not clearly communicate what the problem is; nor, does it help resolve the situation.

When there exists a strong disagreement, or anger, we need to especially be careful with our words, so that we do not needlessly escalate the matter. “A soft answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger” (Proverbs 15:1). Our words are to be with grace, seasoned with salt (Colossians 4:6).

When an issue is being discussed, we should stay on topic. We should not bring up side issues which are not the real issue. We certainly should not bring up past issues which have been supposedly forgiven. “He who covers a transgression seeks love, but he who repeats a matter separates friends” (Proverbs 17:9). Love “bears all things” (1 Corinthians 13:7). The word translated “bear” means, “To cover, to keep confidential…” (Arndt-Gingrich); “To cover, to protect by covering…” (Thayer); “Primarily, to protect or preserve by covering” (Vine’s). Adam Clark commented, “Love conceals everything which should be concealed.”

We should be forgiving. “If your brother sins against you, rebuke him: and if he repents, forgive him. And if he sins against you seven times in a day and seven times in a day returns to you saying, ‘I repent,’ you shall forgive him” (Luke 17:3-4). It is a sin to be implacable (Romans 1:31).

The wise do not send the majority of their time rehashing the problem. They spend their time looking for solutions. There are three appropriate questions we should ask ourselves: (1) Are we willing to do what is right? (2) Are we willing to do what is right, right now? (3) Are we willing to let the Bible determine what is right?

Posted in Family, Marriage, Parenting, Tongue | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | 3 Comments

Biblical Prophecy vs. Non-Biblical Future Predictors

The difference between Bible prophecy and the predictions of men and women such as Nostradamus, Joseph Smith, William Miller, Jean Dixon, as well as that of modern-day fortune tellers is as contrasting as night and day.  Let us notice just a few differences.

First, the prophecies of the Bible are not vague, and untestable.  Kenny Barfield has written, “…we know that the responses were often garbled, capable of multiple meanings, and easily misinterpreted.  1. Perhaps the most famous oracular response to an inquiry by Lydia’s King Croesus attempted to learn the outcome of a battle with Persia, he was informed that such a war would destroy a great empire.  Regardless of the outcome, the oracle was protected.  Croesus did attack (thinking that the great empire to fall was Persia – B.H.).  He was defeated.”  [The Prophet Motive: Examining the Reliability of the Biblical Prophets (Gospel Advocate Company, Nashville, TN 1995) pages 198-199].  2. Jean Dixon said of the 1960 Presidential elections, “the symbol of the Presidency is directly over the head of Richard Nixon but unless the Republican party really gets out there and puts forth every effort it will topple.”  [Josh McDowell and Don Stewart, Handbook of Today’s Religions (Here’s Life Publishers Inc., San Bernardino CA 1983) page 183].  Leaves a bit of wiggle room, doesn’t it?  Nostradamus and a great many modern-day fortune-tellers are very vague, ambiguous, evasive, and absent of specifics.  Bible prophecy is different.  The Bible is specific about coming kingdoms.  It calls Cyrus by name before his birth.  It’s specific about the time frame and place of Jesus’s birth.  It specifies how He was to die.  Bible prophecy is testable.

Second, Bible prophecy never fails (Deuteronomy  18:22; Ezekiel 33:33, etc.).  1. (a) On December  25, 1832, Joseph Smith predicted that civil war would occur between North and South.  But, he went beyond that saying that this war would be “poured out on all nations” and result in “a full end of all nations” (Doctrine and Covenants – section 87).  Such did not happen.  (b) Kenny Barfield also writes about Smith, “perhaps the must unusual of Smith’s predictions appear in the journal of Oliver B. Huntington.  Huntington has become one of the devoted disciples.  He recorded that Smith predicted there were people living on the moon who grew to be approximately six feet tall, dressed like quakers and lived to be 1,000 years old” (Barfield, page 218).  Make up your own mind!  2. Jean Dixon missed it predicting: (a) World War III would begin in 1954; (b) Red China would be admitted into the United Nations in 1958 (it didn’t happen until 1971); (c) The Vietnam War would end in 1966 (it ended in 1975); (d) On October 19, 1968, she predicted Jacqueline Kennedy was not thinking about marriage and the next day Mrs. Kennedy married Aristotle Onassis; (e) In 1970 she predicted Castro would be overthrown from Cuba and would have to leave the island (hasn’t occurred yet).  But, someone has said, “I thought Jean Dixon did have some predictions come true”?  As someone has said, “Fire enough shots, riflemen agree, and eventually you will hit the bull’s eye” (McDowell, page 183).  3. It is well documented, and historically know that William Miller set forth specific dates in the 1800’s for the Lord’s return.  The dates came and went but nothing happened.  4. Astrologer James Braha announced in 1986 that U.S. Senator John Glenn of Ohio would be elected president in 1988.  The Senator never even entered the race (Barfield, page 210).  5. Barfield also writes of Nostradamus, “Even in an enigmatic sense, Nostradamus never approached perfection.  When his predictions do become understandable, they are often wrong. (a) For instance, he predicted he would die in November 1567.  He did not.  His death came in July 1566, nearly 17 months before the date he predicted.  (b) He told Queen Catherine de Medic that all her sons would serve as kings.  They did not.”  (Barfield, page 214).  Biblical prophecy never failed.  Joshua 22:45 reads: “There failed not ought of any good thing which the Lord had spoken unto the house of Israel; all came to pass” (Also see Joshua 23:14).  So it is.  God does not lie (Titus 1:2).  He keeps His word.  It does not fail.

Third, Biblical prophecy is not based upon the obvious.  It is not based upon things we can look at now and kind of see what will happen.  It does not make future predictions based upon past events in history or present conditions.  But, modern-day prophets do.  1. When Joseph Smith made his prediction about the coming Civil War, he was simply reflecting the fears of the times.  Barfield has written, “If Smith offered his prophecy on December 25, 1832 (“if” – refers to a question of when exactly this prophecy came forth it may have been given much later – B.H.), he merely reflected widespread public opinion.  Worthy of note was a front page editorial in the Painesville Telegraph and the Geauga Free Press, a newspaper published only a few miles from Smith’s temporary home in Kirtland, Ohio.  Four days before Smith’s prophecy, the paper criticized Georgia and South Carolina, noting their action, “aiming at once an armed rebellion and civil war”… at the time Smith made his prophecy, the nation expected a war between North and South to begin at the rebellion of South Carolina” (Barfield, page 219).  2. Jean Dixon predicted that the victor of the 1960 Presidential election would either die in office or be assassinated.  But, these words appeared in McDowell’s book, “Such a surmise was not illogical for anyone who has studied recent American history.  William McKinley was assassinated a year after the turn of the century.  Warren Gamaliel Harding and Franklin Delano Roosevelt died in office, and during Harry S. Truman’s tenure, an attempt was made on his life.  Moreover, the normal burdens of the presidency are such that it is commonly regarded as a “man-killing” office.  Woodrow Wilson and Dwight Eisenhower were critically ill during their terms.  Unfortunately for the nation, the odds against Mrs. Dixon’s prophecy being fulfilled were not to great – 7 to 3 based on 20th century experience (to that point – B.H.).”  (Quote found in McDowell’s book, page 182).  True prophecy is not getting on TV the day before the Super Bowl and making an educated guess.  It is not looking at world events and saying, “I think we’ll go to war in the next two years with Iraq, or somewhere in the Middle east.”  (I wrote this article several years ago am I a prophet or what??) It is not making an educated stock market prediction for the coming year.  Bible prophecy is not like that.  Bible prophecy names things not obvious or intellectually predictable (The rise of a nation to be a world power when the nation in view is not a nation or an independent people, the virgin birth, etc.).  Bible prophecy, many times, concern things many, many years in the future (critics of the Bible try to redate prophecies, but God has historically protected against this.  The LXX version of the Old Testament historically came out in the 3rd century B.C., yet that version does contain minute, detailed prophecy about the coming Christ and His kingdom).  Bible prophecy at times occurred centuries before fulfillment.

Study Bible prophecy.  Such will no doubt be a faith-building exercise for you.

Posted in Apologetics, Evidence, mormon, Mormons, Prophecy, Seventh Day Adventists | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment